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Pressure Control During Oil Well Drilling - Pal Skalle 2011
Pressure Control During Oil Well Drilling
© 2011 Pål Skalle & Ventus Publishing ApS
ISBN 978-87-7681-941-5
Contents
1 Introduction 7
1.1 The drilling process 7
1.2 Geological sediments 8
1.3 About Pressure Control in sedimentary rocks 9
1.4 Principle of barriers and safety aspects 11
1.5 Scope of this book 12
2 Pressure in the sediments 13
2.1 Sedimentary pressure prediction models 13
2.2 Quantifying formation pressure 21
3 Well Control Equipment 34
3.1 BOP stack and associated equipment 35
3.2 Remote control of the BOP 40
3.3 Volumetric unstable well (kicking well) 41
3.4 Closing procedure during drilling operations 42
3.5 Well barriers during drilling operations 43
4 Standard killing methods 45
2B4.1 Surface and bottom pressure of a shut in well 47
23B4.2 Hydraulic friction during killing 52
4.3 Killing by means of Driller’s Method 53
4.4 The Engineer’s Method and kill sheet 57
4.5 Killing when unable to circulate from bottom 59
5 Modification of the standard killing method 61
5.1 Modification due to narrow pressure window 61
5.2 Killing with irregular drill string geometry 66
5.3 Best practice while drilling through narrow pressure windows. 67
6 More realistic gas behavior 68
6.1 Transport of gas 68
6.2 Wellbore pressure during two phase flow. 70
6.3 Gas solubility 80
7 Special offshore safety issues 87
7.1 Low sea temperature 87
7.2 Other deep water problems 90
7.3 Shallow sands below deep sea water 92
8 Gas migration through cement 98
8.1 The cement slurry 98
8.2 Cementing operations 101
8.3 Gas migration 105
References 113
Nomenclature 114
Abbreviations 116
Unit conversion factors 118
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